NARRATIVE OF MUNSHI JEEWAN LAL.

On the morning of the 11^th May, between eight and nine o'clock, a wonderful report reached me as it spread through the city, that some cavalry and foot soldiers had arrived from Meerut, and were in the bazaar plundering and killing the people. Whereas by the mercy of God the English rule was established in the country, the rumour was disbelieved, and it was stated that some ignorant people had escaped from Mecrut, and were misconducting themselves. It was affirmed that English troops from Meerut had been sent in pursuit of them, and would immediately arrive and severely deal with the plunderers and those persons who were spreading false alarms. I had been that morning to Captain Douglas, the Assistant Resident, who was in charge of the Palace Guard, and I had returned home about eight o'clock. It was the practice for the Assistant Resident to make a copy of my diary for his own information, and that of the Resident, as to all matters connected with the Court. After returning home I was preparing to go to Court at ten o'clock, and had ordered my palki to be ready, when some of the Moharers (clerks) of the Court came to my house and begged me not to leave the building, as it was no longer possible to go through the streets in safety. They told me that strife and bloodshed were rife in the city, and it was rumoured that some of the authorities had been murdered, but that the Commissioner and Magistrates had escaped. One of my informants stated that he had met the officers hurrying to the entrenchments. It was reported, too, that the city gates had been closed, and there was no way of getting out ; also that the Hospital Assistants had all been murdered, and that the city Budmashes had begun to plunder. I despatched one of my servants, Sakun, to go to Captain Douglas in the Fort and to ascertain if any orders had been issued for me to obey, and also to inquire what the officers in cantonments were doing. After a time he returned and reported that the road to the Palace was blocked ; that groups of soldiery

were standing about in front of the King's Palace, the door of which was closed ; that crowds of Budmashes were pointing out to the soldiers the residences of the Europeans and wealthier natives. Europeans were being killed in every direction, and their property plundered. The Bank had been broken into and robbed ; Mr. Bensford, the Manager, and Mr. 0'Hara murdered. others had hid themselves. Mr. Nixon, Head Clerk of the Commissioner's Office, had been killed, and his body was lying on the road; Mr. Neil, the Second Clerk, together with Mr. Peppe and the children, had concealed themselves, but the soldiers had managed to find out their hiding place, and had killed them all. Sakun further toldme that he had been to the Commissioner's Cutcherry, and had seen Mr. Nixon's body, lying, with a bullet wound, on the road. He had heard such dreadful screaming and wailing that he had lost all courage and had fled. The man wept as he spoke; I, too, was terrified, and my heart almost ceased to beat. I wept to feel how utterly powerless I was. Next came news that Mr. Simon Fraser, the Commissioner, and Mr. Henderson had escaped and that Sir John Metcalfe, the joint Magistrate, and Mr. Le Bas, the Judge, had also got away, no one could tell where. Sir John was thought to have gone to the Kutub. As he knew the environs of the city well, we guessed that he might possibly have taken refuge in the Dilkusha at Merowbe in the tomb of Rahun Alla-u-din, which his father, the former Resident, had converted into a residence. Then came a man and reported that the Budmashes were naming me as being the Mir-Munshi¹ (¹ Chief writer.) to the Agent of the Governor General, and as one worthy of death, and offering to point out my house, which I was advised to fortify. Terrified and horror stricken, I ordered the gates to be locked. The house had been built in the days of the Emperor Ferozeshah, and was of solid stone, and as strong as a fort. The doors and windows were all closed. There were underground apartments, into which my family entered, and there remained concealed. I arranged all the servants for watch and ward, both in front and behind, with orders to admit no one, and to give me information if any persons came. I was moved by the thoughts that for many years I had eaten the salt of the English Government and wished it well, and now was an opportunity to do all that was possible with heart and soul for those I had served. So I sent Sakun with instructions to ascertain if I could be of any service to Sir john Metcalfe and my other patrons, as well as to my friends, and to inquire about several Englishmen, in the same office as myself, who lived in the city, in houses in Dariaganj, and about the Cashmere Gate. Chief of these were Mr. Davis, his brother Tommy, and Mr. Maley. He was to urge them, if they had no place of concealment, to come to my house, where, with the help of God, I would guard them like the apple of my eye, or the soul in my body. I would personally attend to them ; Sakun should conduct them through by lanes to my house, and, please God, they should suffer no hardships.

With a view to obtaining news of the rebels' doings, I engaged the services of two Brahmins, Girdhari Misser and Heera Sing Misser, and of two jats, who were deputed to bring me information, from time to time, of all that happened at the city gates and inside the Palace by night as well as by day, in order that 1 might keep a true and faithful account of all that passed for the information of the high officers of the State. About twelve o'clock came Jubmul, the Court newswriter, and Makun, Chowkidar, to Captain Douglas. They reported the city panic struck all houses and shops closed, the inmates concealed inside sitting silent in terror, or praying to God for His mercy and protection. Next came news about Mr. Simon Fraser, Agent and Commissioner of Delhi. Early in the morning, on rising, he was informed that a number of cavalry and soldiers of different regiments from Mccrut had arrived at Delhi, and more were coming. They had burned down the toll collector's bungalow, had shot the European officer on duty, and left his body lying on the sand. The men, it was said, had expressed their intention of coming and taking possession of the city. At that moment, Mr. Henderson, the Magistrate, rode up, made a report to the Commissioner and immediately drove off towards Cantonments at Rajpur probably for the purpose of summoning troops and artillery. Mr. Fraser at the same time ordered his carriage to be got ready, and drove off, taking with him the troopers of the bodyguard belonging to the Nawb of Jajar's cavalry, who were always told off with a Resaldar for duty with the Commissioner. He told his servant to follow at once with his pistols and sword. He drove first by the Calcutta Gate to the river side bastion. He met there Mr. Le Bas, the Sessions judge, Captain Douglas,^{1 (1} It is said that Captain Douglas gave a letter to Mr. Fraser, and it is believed that this letter contained information of the mutiny of troops at Meerut, of the murder of their officers, and of the intention of the men to march to Delhi. Some said at the time that the letter was written by the wife of the bridge toll-collector, and that she asked for assistance to bury the dead body of her husband, for a message was sent to her saying that under the circumstances no help cculd be sent.) Mr. Nixon, and others, and carefully examined the river-course and bridge with a telescope. The burning bungalow was seen in flames. A consultation took place, when Mr. Henderson, the magistrate, rode up. The group conversed eagerly for some minutes, looking towards the river as if expecting every moment to see a European force pushing forward from one side, and troops from the Rajpur Cantonments from the other; but no help came from either side. Some men then hurried up from the bastion, calling out that the rebel troopers had entered the city by the Rajghat Water Gate, and had killed the surgeon, Dr. Chuman Lal, who had been as usual attending his patients in the Dariaganj Hospital. The staff had all fled, it was said, and the place had been plundered. Suddenly five troopers came galloping up and fired a volley,at the group of officers. A bullet struck Captain Douglas on the foot. Mr. Henderson, Mr. Le Bas, and the others fled in the direction of the courts. Mr. Fraser took refuge inside a sentry box on the bastion, in which a sentry was posted. ¹ (¹ The bodyguard all this time seem to have been looking on, unconcerned spectators. Another account says that some of the Jajjar Cavalry, riding up, caused the sowars to gallop away.) In the confusion he was not seen, and snatching up the Chowkidar's musket, which he had left standing in his sentrybox, he shot one of the sowars, who fell together with his horse, and the life imprisoned in his body escaped like a bird out of its cage, far above all reach. The troopers seemed frightened by this sudden apparition and by the death of one of their comrades. They fled. Possibly they may have thought there were more Europeans concealed. Mr. Fraser ordered one of his orderlies to gallop as hard as he could go to the house of Durga Pashad, agent of the Nawab of Jajjar (Abdur Rahman), and direct him to send to Jajjar at once and tell the NawAb of the outbreak, and request him to send two regiments with cavalry to Delhi without delay. Mr. Fraser, mounting his buggy, then drove off in the direction of the Palace. On the way he was attacked by several sowars, who fired pistol shots at him. He ordered the Jajjar orderlies to cut them down, but they made no attempt. The Commissioner swore at them in English, and putting his horse to a gallop he reached the Lahore Gate entrance to the Palace and ordered the agent and the " mooktear" of the King to be sent for. On the King's vakil, Mr, Fraser desired him to go at once to the King and require all his armed men to turn out as well as the two guns. Mr. Fraser also asked for two palleis to convey the ladies who were in Captain Douglas's quarters, viz., Miss Jennings, daughter of the chaplain, and another young lady, Miss Clifford, to the Begum's palace for protection. The message was conveyed to the King, who immediately gave the necessary orders, but such was his confusion that neither the guards, nor the cushions for the palkis, nor the bearers to carry the palkis, were forthcoming. No heed was paid to the orders given. The will to obey was wanting ; the King's household had become rebellious, refusing to obey all orders. The Commissioner remained for some time awaiting the palkis. Seeing that no attention was likely to be paid to his orders, he turned away as if to enter Captain Douglas's house. Pressed by the crowd, he ordered them to stand off. The gateway was guarded by a company of native infantry, whom he ordered to load and close the gate; but they refused to obey the order. Mr Fraser then remonstrated with the men on their behaviour. They remained silent. Mr. Fraser then turned to mount the steps leading to Captain Douglas's rooms. As he placed his foot on the first step, two Budmashes, by name Karlik Beg and Mogul Beg, rushed forward with drawn swords and cut him down. It has been stated how Captain Douglas received a wound at the bastion. As soon as he fell, he ,was assisted by his two orderlies into a buggy and driven to his quarters. On arrival there, they carried him upstairs in a fainting condition, Revived after drinking a glass of water, he gave orders to close all the doors and windows. Almost immediately he was joined by Mr. Jennings, the chaplain, and a friend, two married ladies, and the two girls, Miss Jennings and Miss Clifford. The ladies employed themselves in dressing Captain Douglas's wound, the pain of which caused him repeatedly to faint. Remembering that he had dropped his sword, he told his orderly to return to the bastion and recover it. Loud cries were now heard outside of "Allah- dad, Allah-dad!" followed by the breaking open of the doors, and a crowd of rebels came rushing into the house. Mr. Jennings tried to get out of the door, but was immediately cut to pieces by the bloodthirsty ruffians, who in their fury spared none of the Europeans, not even the helpless women.

[Here the diary breaks off to give some further incidents connected with the movements of Captain Douglas, Mr. Henderson, and Mr. Davis, and the escape of Sir John Metcalfe, These are given separately.]

About nine o'clock a frightful explosion was heard, accompanied by a sound like roll of thunder, with an earthquake, causing the ground to tremble. The sound came from the direction of the Fort. The whole city was panic struck and terrified. It soon became known that the Magazine had been attacked by the mutineers, assisted by the bad characters in the city. The officer in charge had then set fire to the gunpowder and blown it up. A great number of rebels and faithless men, lookers on, and city residents were thus released from attendance in this world. There was both rejoicing and sorrow in the city at this occurrence ; rejoicing that so many murderous and faithless men had been blown up, and sorrow that the English soldiers, who had all day been anxiously expected, had failed to appear, and the Government had failed to re-establish its supremacy. As night drew near, the inhabitants of each " Mahalla " were occupied in arranging for the watch and ward. The night passed, everyone being on the alert. Suddenly the sound of heavy guns was heard, and the watchers counted twenty one reports. The first impression was that the English force had arrived and had defeated the rebels, and in order to notify this to the dwellers in the city, had fired this salute. The majority of the citizens were delighted. In the morning I ascertained that the four regiments stationed at Rajpur had joined the mutineers, and the guns had been fired to express joy that the mutineers had gained them over to their cause. I learned, on inquiry, that, as soon as the Brigadier commanding had issued orders for his troops in cantonments to be put under arms, the Sepoys showed by their conduct that, while some were still loyal, the greater number were insubordinate and quite prepared to disobey orders. After some delay and entreaty on the part of their officers, a detachment of troops was induced to march towards the city; at the word of command the men loaded and shouldered their arms, but as they marched away it was evident that no dependence could be placed upon them, for their march was purposely slow, the men not even keeping step. On approaching the Cashmere Gate the Sepoys met the mutineers. They were ordered to fire, but not a shot was fired ; Sepoys and rebels interchanged compliments. The European officers collected into a group, whereupon they were charged by the troopers. The officers ran in different directions. One or two were cut down, but the others went off together, and after waiting a little in perplexity, eventually reached cantonments, one or two of thern being wounded. In the meantime the Sepoys fraternized with the rebels.

Later on in this day, the two Subahdars who had been admitted to an audience with the King in the presence of Captain Douglas, were again admitted to a private audience as the representatives of the crowds of soldiery that thronged the neighbourhood of the Palace. They formally tendered the services of the troops of the King. They were directed to take their orders from Hakim Ahsanullah Khan. They sought him out and gave their message. It is said that Ahsanullah looked much perplexed what reply to give. He looked upon the outbreak as a passing thunder cloud, too black to last long. His reply was: "You have been long accustomed under the English rule to regular pay. The King has no treasury. How can he pay you ? " The officers replied : " We will bring the revenue of the whole Empire to your treasury." Hakim Ahsanullah then called for a return of the troops who had mutinied. The officer in charge of the King's Palace was sent for. News of the death of some of the officers killed next reached the Palace, followed by the arrival of a regiment of cavalry, who took up a position in the courtyard of the Dewan-i-Khas. Many of the men forcibly intruded into the presence of the King, who was seated in the Dewan-I-Khas. Ahsanullah sought a private audience of the King, and on his advice a camel sowar was sent off with a letter to the Lieutenant Governor at Agra. From time to time more troops arrived. The court of the Palace became a scene of the wildest confusion, quarrellings, and disputes. With a view to introduce discipline among the troops orders were issued by Ahsanullah Klhan directing, the different Princes to assume command of the several regiments.

Early this morning (May 12th) I learned the occurrences at the jail. It became known to the prisoners about midday (on the 11^th) that there was a great uproar in the city, and that the English had been overpowered. The prisoners received this astonishing news with loud cries, and a scene of great excitement ensued. The jailor, Lalla Tokur Dass, a man of great bravery and loyalty, nevertheless maintained discipline until about five o'clock in the afternoon, when the men who guarded the jail gave signs that they too had become affected with the spirit of the mutiny. They cornplained bitterly that by remaining at their post they were prevented from sharing in the plunder which was going on. They then began to show themselves in their true colours and to reveal the villany which actuated them. The jailor was patient and calm, awaiting orders and aid ; but, alas! there was no one to give an order, or to send succour. Helpless, he waited until the evening, when he quietly went to his own house. The citizens in Delhi applaud his conduct and behaviour. They owe him a deep debt of gratitude for not adding to the horrors of that eventful day by withholding the unrestrained action of desperate men. It is related how, when the prisoners first showed symptoms of attempting to break from the jail, a trooper having ridden up to the jail inciting the guard to open the prison gates, Tokur Lal, taking a musket from the sentry, shot him dead. Throughout the day he restrained all by his presence.

On this morning (12^th) the whole body of native officers of the regiments that had arrived yesterday, concerted together and demanded an audience of the King. It was granted ; the native officers presented nazzars (tribute money) and described themselves as faithful soldiers awaiting his orders. Hakim Ahsanullah Khan secretly warned the King that no dependence could be placed on them, and expressed the fear that as soon as a sufficient number had been gathered together there would be a general plunder of the city. Later in the day Hakim Ahsanullah took counsel with some of the leading men of the city. He summoned for consultation Amin-u-din Khan, Mirza Zera-u- din Khan, Hassan Ali Khan, uncle of Jajjar. Their former connection with the Mahommedan power was appealed to, and they were desired to form an executive council for the purpose of maintaining order in the city and providing food for the soldiery. Hassan . Ali absolutely refused, on the grounds of his unsuitability for any executive duty. The council broke up without any definite decision, beyond arranging for supplies of food for the soldiers to prevent their plundering. This work was entrusted to Mahbub Ali Khan. Mahommed Mir Nawab, son of Tafagul Hossein, pleader of the Civil Court, was appointed Governor of the City. All trade in the city ceased entirely, for every shop that was opened was cleared of its contents. Nawab Hamud Ali Khan was this day accused of concealing Europeans, and their persons were demanded from him. The Nawab was then dragged to the Palace, and only released under orders from the King's Wazir ; the soldiery only consenting to his release on the condition that his house should be thoroughly

searched, and that he should be dealt with as they pleased, should a single European be found concealed there. Letters were despatched to the Rajas of Patiala, Jajjar, Bulubgarh, Bahadurgarh, and Ellore to march at once upon Delhi with all their forces to join the King's army, and to repel any attack on the city by the English. All this afternoon the Palace was thronged by a turbulent mob of soldiers, calling out that all the grain shops were closed and the King's loyal servants were starving. The soldiers demanded of the King that he should pass through the city accompanied by his Army, and personally allay the fears of the citizens and order the people to resume their ordinary occupations. The King yielded, and, mounted on an elephant, passed in procession through the streets. He did personally order the shops to be reopened, and some were opened and again closed ; but the shopkeepers generally were deaf to his orders. When the King returned to the Palace, he found the courtyard of the Dewan-i-Khas crowded with troopers and their horses. They assailed him with loud cries, complaining that the men of the regiment which had mutinied at Delhi had possessed themselves of the treasure from the Delhi collectorate, intending to keep it, and had refused to share it with the Meerut mutineers. The King, utterly distracted and bewildered in the conflictilig counsels, ordered the Princes, who had been appointed to the command of the troops, to send every mutineer out of the city, locating regiments in separate places, and leaving only one, regiment in the Palace for the defence of the city, and another on the sands in front of the Palace, between the fort and the river. The King pointed out to some of the Subahdars present that the Devan-i-Khaas had hitherto been .in enclosure sacred to Royalty alone, and had never before been forcibly entered by armed men. Another regiment was ordered to hold the Ajmere Gate of the city, a fourth the Delhi Gate, a fifth the Cashmere Gate. These orders were partially carried out. From house to house the unwilling King was distracted by cries and petitions now from the servants of Europeans who had been murdered, now from the shopkeepers whose shops had been plundered, now from the higher classes whose houses had been broken into all looked to the King for immediate redress. Appeals were made to him to repress the plunder and rapine now common through out the city.

The King, in a Persian rubakari, beautiful with flowing language, called on all the Subahdars to remember that such a state of things was most unbecoming in the reign of a Mahommedan king who was a bright light in the histories of the world, and at whose feet all other kings and monarchs waited with bended knee; and that it must be suppressed. Towards evening a number of his native regimental officers came and again represented the difficulty they experienced in getting rations. Forgetful of the lofty tone of the morning's order, and of the high toned phraseology expressive of the King's dignity, they addressed him with such disrespectful terms, " I say, you King! I say, you old fellow! " (" Ari,^l Badshah! Ari, Buddha!") (¹ "Ari" is a slang expression used by the common people to attract attention, but a most insolent form of address to use to a monarch or any superior) "Listen," cried one, catching him by the hand. " Listen to me," said another, touching the old King's beard. Angered at their behaviour, yet unable to prevent their insolence, he found relief alone in bewailing before his servants his misfortunes and his fate. Again summoiied by loud cries from outside the Palace gates, he passed a second time in procession through the city, calling on the shopkeepers to open their shops and resume trade. Throughout this eventful day he was distraught, perplexed, and cowed at finding himself in a position which made him the mere puppet of those who had formerly been only too glad humbly to obey his orders, but who now, taking advantage of the spirit of insubordination which was rife in all classes of the city in this day of ruin and riot, were not ashamed to mock and humiliate him.

May 13.-- Information reached the Palace that the house of the Rajah of Kishengarh was surrounded by Sepoys, who had detected Europeans there. Hearing this, I sent my servants to see quickly if any assistance could be given, but they found the place so guarded as to be unapproach able. It appears that a party of thirty persons, Europeans and East Indians, had taken refuge in the underground apartments of the Rajah's house. For two days the refugees had remained concealed there, suffering intensely from hunger and thirst. On the third day a water carrier passing by was asked by one of the refugees to give him a drink of water. He gave the water, but on leaving the place and meeting some Sepoys, he told them where the Europeans were concealed. The house was strongly constructed, and the refugees, who were armed, opened fire at the Sepoys who attempted to approach. Finding it impossible to get at the Europeans by force, the Sepoys opened negotiations, offering to conduct thern to the King, if they would leave the house. In the meantime, Syed Gholam Abbas' otherwise known as Saif-ul Dowlah, hearing the news, at once informed the King that Mr. Davis, Mr. Bailey, and other clerks of the Agent's office, were in great danger of their lives. Gholam Abbas pointed out to the King that if lie should succeed in saving their lives, that act would place him in a favourable light before the English. The King at once became interested in their fate, and inquired where they were. Orders were then issued that they were to be saved, and a messenger was sent to bring the refugees into the King's presence. The messenger selected was his eldest son, Mirza Kobash. It is said he used his best endeavours to save the refugees from the hand of the mutineers. The King had a great personal regard for Mr. Davis, who had been for years in charge of the monthly payments to the King of the pension given him by the East India Company. Mr. Davis was paid out of the King's allowances, and had been in constant communication with regard to all monetary transactions between the King, and the British Agent. Alas! before Mirza Kobash arrived at the Maharajah's house, the refugees, worn out with anxiety and want of food, yielded to the assurances that they would be taken to the King. On emerging from their place of refuge, they had seated themselves in the courtyard. A Sepoy, addressing one of the defenceless women, began to use revolting abuse. In reply to a question as to what she would give to save her life, Mr. Davis's sister retorted: "Has such a one as you the power of life and death? It is God only who can give and take life." Angered by the reply, the Sepoy raised his sword. Cowering beneath the expected blow, the lady turned to shield the infant she bore in her arms what necessity is there to relate what then took place ! ¹ (¹An alternative account of this massacre is given in the Appendix. ) "These tears cannot be restrained : they overflow all bounds." A few only were saved and taken to the Palace.² (² . In the diary of Mainodin Khan it is stated tbat ail were massacred and none escaped. It is also stated that the King's messenger arrived belore the niassacre took place, and demanded that the captives should be sent to the Palace, but his orders were treated with contempt.)

Mirza Mai-u-din Hassan Khan was this day appointed Kotwal and head of the Commissariat in the city, with orders to make immediate arrangements for the supplies to the soldiery. Mirza Mai-u-din, Mirza Kizr Sultan, and Mirza Abdullah were appointed Colonels of Infantry. It was reported that a son of Mr. Joseph Skinner was detected dressed in native costume : he was seized by the ruffians and taken to the police station, where he was murdered. Orders were issued to Mai-u-din Khan to notify in the city that whoever wished to serve the King was to present himself. Nawab Wallidad Khan and Nawab Hamid Ali Khan presented themselves and gave nazzars, and were ordered to be present every day at the audience to carry out commands. Information reached me that the remaining European ladies and gentlemen who had been concealed in the underground cellars of the Kishengarh House, and had been confined there, were taken by the mutineers and murdered in cold blood. Upwards Of 200 rebel soldiers and bad characters of the city attacked the house of a canalwater Revenue officer, Narain Dass, and plundered it. One European, an Englishman, who was found in concealment there, was murdered. To day, orders were issued by the King to write at once to Jeypur, summoning the forces of the Rajah to his aid.

May 14.-- The King, distracted and perplexed, shut himself up, refusing audience to all. Both Amin-u-din Khan and Ja-u-di'n Khan sought to see the King on pressing business, but were refused. Later on, in the course of the day, the King sent for Moulvie Suden-u-din Khan Bahadur, and appointed him City Magistrate, to try all cases, and decide them with impartiality and justice. The Moulvie excused himself on the plea of bad health. The Treasurer of the Collectorate was next summoned, and questioned as to the cash balance in the Treasury, on the 11^th May. The man either could not or would not give any information. Others among the Mahommedan nobility were sent for. Orders were issued to the Rajahs of Jeypur, Jodhpur, and Bikanir personally to attend, or to send soldiers to rally round the King. Mirza Amin-u-din Khan was ordered to proceed to Ferozepur, to arrange for a Mahommedan Administration, and to raise a force of Mewattis. Mirza asked for orders to allow him free egress and ingress to and from the city, which orders were accordingly issued. News came that the Gujars of Chundrowli had risen in great numbers under the orders of one Damar Ram, and were plundering the country as far as Sundeir Mundai. A force was sent out under the orders of Mirza Abu Baksh to repress the rising ; a Gujar village was fired. Two persons, a man and a woman, of European extraction, were found and brought in ; orders were issued to detain them in safety in the fort. Much excitement was caused throughout the city by information received that a European force had marched from Meerut ; the messengers who brought the information were declared to be spies sent by the English, and were ordered to be imprisoned. The officer in charge of the city reported that many European corpses were lying about. The King ordered a search to be made for the bodies of Mr. Simon Fraser (the Commissioner) and Captain Douglas, in order that if found they might be buried in the Christian burial ground ; but all other bodies were to be thrown into the river. The native officers again assembled to demand food for the troops, who could no longer be prevented from plundering. Hakim Ahsanullah Khan 1 and Nawab Mahabub Ali Khan were ordered to arrange for a supply of grain at once to save the city from plunder. Two men, Kami Khan and Sarifaraz Khan, were apprehended as bad characters and confined.

May 15. Orders were issued to appoint a police force of 100 men for the "safety" of the city. Abdul Kadir obtained an audience, to present a list of executive officers for the new Administration. Mahabub Ali Khan gave Abdul Kadir the command of two regiments of cavalry. Gholam Khan, Agent for the Nawab of Jajjar, accompanied by Akbar Ali, a sowar, arrived, and represented that the Jajjar forces had all mutinied, and that Jajjar was engaged in reducing them to order, but that fifty sowars had been sent as an addition to the King's Army. Moulvie Ahmed Ali attended on the part of the Rajah of Bulubgarh to represent that he was employed in quelling a rising. That finished, he would attend on the King with his horses. Orders were issued to hasten his arrival. News was received that the magistrate and collector had reached Rohtak with a force of one regiment of foot and one of cavalry to save the treasure. Orders were issued to Abdul Karim Khan to raise a force Of 400 infantry and 1,000 cavalry on salaries of Rs. 5

and Rs.30 respectively. Orders were also issued to remove Abu Baksh from the command of his regiment, and no orders were to be carried out unless issued by the King, Kazi Mahommed Farzulia was appointed City KotwAl, after presenting a nazzar of 5 rupees. Abdul Hakim was appointed Naib Kazi for the administration of justice. News was received that the mutineers were intimidating the city people, and that 200 troopers, having plundered a quantity of money, had deserted and gone off to their homes, and had in turn been attacked by the Gujars and plundered. The Sepoys resented the authority of Hakim Ahsanullah KhAn and Mahabub Ali Khan, on the grounds that they were in correspondence with the English, and sending letters from the King to the English. They denied all such transactions, and swore to hold no further communication with the English. News was received that Sir John Metcalle and Mr. Ford had been seen at Jaj'jar and had been denied shelter and hospitality by the Nawab. A threatening letter had been sent to the Nawab with orders that unless he at once joined the cause of the King he would be attacked. The Sepoys were much disheartened by the news that the Gurkhas had all elected to side with the English, and that a mixed force of Gurkhas and English was marching from Simla. The house of Girdhari Lal, son of Sukichund, was this day surrounded. The Sepoys were bought off by a payment of sixteen rupees. The city bankers were this day called upon to provide supplies for the Sepoys. Several respectable men were seized and made to carry burdens to intimidate them and extort money. Such were their sufferings that the better class of city people offered prayers this day for the speedy advent of the English and for the defeat of the rebels. All valuable property had by this time been buried, and a private police force had been raised by, the better class of citizens to protect themselves and their property from plunder and violence.

May 16. The Sepoys assembled early this morning before the Palace, threatening the King and his officers, accusing them of saving the lives of European ladies and gentlemen and concealing them in the Fort, and through them communicating with the Europeans at Meerut. The following are the names of the King's officers appointed to assist in the administration of affairs : Mufti. Usuf Ali Khan, Mir Adul Bahadur, Captain Ali Dildar Khan, Mahommed Hyder Hossein Khan, Syed Shuruf Ali Khan FozdAr, Nizarul Khan Bahadur.

I learned to-day that nearly forty Europeans were concealed in the King's Palace. The Sepoys went to the Palace in great anger, as they said they had seized a messenger with a letter cursing the mutineers. The Sepoys threatened to kill Ahsanullah Khan and Nawab Mahabub Ali Khan, and also threatened to take away Zinat Mehal Begum Sahiba and keep her as a hostage for the king's loyalty. There was a great uproar in the Palace, the Sepoys on the one hand, and the King's household on the other, contending with violent language and harsh vociferations. To appease the mutineers, Mahabub Ali Khan took an oath that he was not the author of that letter, nor had it been written with his knowledge. (It was on this date that the Europeans in the Palace were butchered in a manner that defies description. Alay God preserve them in the next world ! All good men, when they think of that day, exclaim, " May God, who is our Protector, Preserver, and Guardian from all fear, protect us through this life and in the life to come ! ") The King and his assembled councillors stood like dumb puppets. The King ordered the Sepoys to separate themselves into two parties, Mahommedans and Hindus, and he appealed to each to consult their religious advisers to see if there were any authority for the slaughter of helpless men, women, and children. But "Khuni janini kiske su'nti hai?" "Whose word will a frenzied murderer obey ? " Let it suffice to pass over that awful day in silence. In the afternoon a man was apprehended in the garb of a cavalry trooper, who had been taken whilst plundering. He was brought before the King, who ordered the property he had stolen to be taken from him, and that he should be released with a warning. Daily it was coming to pass that the dead by means of the living were bringing sorrow on the King, for the mutineers would neither leave the city nor protect it. They remained only for plunder and violence. This day the King gave audience to Moulvie Mahommed Bakr and Moulvie Abdul Kadir, who had greatly commended themselves for the intelligence and bravery with which they had performed their respective duties. The latter reported that he was making such arrangements that the Sepoys would willingly leave the city. The King gave a khillat to Moulvie Mahommed Bakr, and with great pomp sent Moulvie Abdul Ka'dir, seated in a royal howdah, to his house. A body of mutineers this day visited the house of Munshi Mohun, with the intention of killing him, but he was saved by Hazrut Nizam-u-din, the son of a holy and influential man, who interceded for him as being a Mahommedan. Many of the neighbours also bore testimony to his being a Mahommedan and not a Christian. The shopkeepers at the Lahore Gate complained this day to the King that Kashi Nalei Thanadar was troubling them to give him a bribe of 1,000 rupees. The King ordered the Thanadar to be sent to jail. The King this day ordered a special inquiry to be made into the fate of Sir John Metcalfe. Under his directions the bodies of the murdered were carefully examined to see if his body were among the dead. Friends too, anxious for his safety, inquired in vain for him. Anxious to learn the fate of the civil officers, I had early deputed Girdhari Misser and Heera Sing, two trustworthy Brahmins, to go out and ascertain all that had happened. I charged them specially to bring me news of Sir John; but they could learn nothing. It was reported later in the day to the King that Sir John Metcalfe had not been identified among the killed.

May 17. Some troopers to-day brought in some supplies which they had plundered from Shahdara. News received by the King that Sir John Metcalfe was still at Jajjar, claiming protection from the Nawab. Mr. Hatharlet, who was under the NawAb's protection, had also asked permission to be allowed to go to Kalera for safety. The Nawab allowed him to depart. The mutineers this day elected Abu Bakr as their King in place of the old King, whom they declared to be too old and infirm. Hakimulla had an audience and represented that the mutineers were a treacherous, bloodthirsty class, on whom no dependence could be placed. The King summoned many of the Sepoys to his presence and spoke to them very severely. The Vakil of Rawalyi presented a bottle of Kewara water from Jevpur, which was accepted. A trooper arrived and reported that as several lakhs of treasure were coming in from Gurjawan to Delhi under charge of one company of foot and several cavalry, it had been attacked by, a body of Mewattis, and he had left them, still fighting, to ask for aid. Moulvie Baki ordered two companics of foot and one troop of cavalry to rescue the treasure.

May 18. The following Princes were appointed to the chief command of the mutineers : (1) Mirza Mogul; (2) Mirza Kizr Sultan; (3) Mirza Abu Bakr; (4) Mirza Abdullah. A message arrived from the Rani of Ujjain ; she was told in reply that it was optional with her to attend the Kinbg's Durbar. Two companies of sappers and miners arrived at the bank of the Jumna, and there halted. Orders were given to send sweetmeats to welcome them. Ali Khan received orders to recruit for the King's Army, but he excused himself on the plea of ignorance of his duties. Two sowars, sent with dispatches, returned stating that they had been attacked by the Gujars, who had taken their horses and torn the dispatches in pieces. A camel sowar sent on a like errand, returned having been waylaid and maltreated.

The Subahdar in command of the sappers and miners presented himself at the audience and complained that his English officer at Meerut had ordered his men to remain there; on their refusing to do so they had been fired at, and upwards Of 200 of their number had been shot down. He reported that the survivors had arrived under his command. They were ordered to take up their quarters in the Selimgarh Fort. Several bankers went to Mahabub Ali Khan and reported their inability to provide funds for the troops, as they were beggared. They were warned that unless they found funds for the use of the soldiers, these latter would without doubt plunder and take the money by force.

May 19. The King held an audience. Moulvie Jajjar Ali Thanadar attended and presented a sicca of gold mohurs as tribute money. On the coins was inscribed the following: " Sicca zad bar simu zar dar Hind, Shah wa din panah Zil-I-subhani Suraj-u-din bahadur Badshah," and on the reverse: " Sicca Sahibi Korani zad ba tayid. Allah Saya i yazdan Suraj- u -din Bahadur Badshah." ¹ (¹ Translation " Silver and gold coin struck by the King of India, the protec',or of religion. The sovereign SurAj u din the brave." Reverse : " Coins struck by the Lord of the Faith with the help of God. The shadow of God, the sovereign Suraj-u- din, the brave.") The King presented Mirza jawan Bakhtt with a khillat and appointed him his minister. The King gave an audience to the native officers of the mutineers, who related to him the particulars of the fight between the English and the Sepoys at Meerut, and stated that the force at Allahabad had turned away from the English. In consequence of this the Lieutenant Governor had ordered the gates of the fort at Allahabad to be closed, and no one was allowed to pass without permission. Several tliousand rupees of the Gurgaon treasure was reported to have been received from the Mewattis and was on its way to Delhi. The King was much pleased, and ordered the money to be put into his private treasury. Information received that the Maharajah of Patiala had joined the English with his army, and that the mutineer Sepoys coming from Umballa had been attacked by the Patiala troops, their weapons taken from them and the men despoiled. The mutineers, in revenge for this, attacked the house of Kumar Uji't Sing, brother of the Maharajah of Patila, and seized him. Being unable to walk, he was carried bv his servants to the King's Palace. The King, hearing of his arrival, went out to meet him, and was presented with a nazzar of gold

mohurs. The King received him with great courtesy and kindness, and remonstrated with the Sepoys, pointing out that the Kumar was on bad terms with his brother, so that in punishing him they would in no way, be punishing PatiiIa. The King set apart quarters for the Kumar. A petition was received from Nawa'b Akbar Ali Khan, of Patudiwalah, excusing his absence. He was ordered to appear as early as possible. Two European men, one child and three ladies were this day found concealed in the house of a tailor. They were seized by the mutineers, and the house was destroyed. This day the standard of the Holy War was raised by the Mahommedans in the Jumma Masjid. The people of Dharampur and the low characters of the city were concerned in this act. The King was angry, and remonstrated, because such a display of fanaticism would only tend to exasperate the Hindus.

May 20. Information received that an EngIish force was approaching. On hearing this news the cavalry and infantry were dismayed ; men began to run about taking advice from one another. In a short time it was rumoured that this information was bare of the garment of truthfulness. Scouts who had been sent out returned stark naked, having been plundered by the Gujars and stripped even of their clothing. Moulvie Mahommed Said demanded an audience, and represented to the King that the standard of Holy War had been erected for the purpose of inflaming the minds of the Mahommedans against the Hindus. The King answered that such a Jehad was quite impossible, and such an idea an act of extreme folly, for the majority of the Purbeah soldiers were Hindus. Moreover, such an act would create internecine war, and the result would be deplorable. It was fitting that sympathy should exist among all classes. It was pointed out that the Hindus were leaning towards an alliance with the English and had no sympathy with the Mahommedans, and were already holding themselves apart. A deputation of Hindu officers arrived to complain of the war against Hindus being preached. The King replied: "The Holy War is against the English; I have forbidden it against the Hindus." The King gave Mirza Amin-u -din Ahmed Khan and Hossein Ali Khan a dact with steel point. Certain men attempted this day to steal a brass fieldpiece: they were caught and ordered to be blown away from a gun. At three o'clock Hakim Ahsanullah Khan represented that the soldiers were looting in the city, and requested that they should be expelled. To get rid of them, orders were this day issued to Mirza Mogul to proceed with a strong force towards Meerut to attack any English force assembled there. Two Europeans were this day discovered and murdered by the mutineers. Mahbub Ali Khan reported that a European lady had been found and was in the hands of the mutineers, who had intended to kill her, but that he had prevented this under the authority of the Mahommedan law. The King approved of what he had done. It became known that the dispatcb of troops to Meerut to fight the English was a device of Hakim Ahsanullah Khan to rid the city of the mutineers and soldiers, who were beyond all discipline.

May 21. Under great pressure from the King, the newly appointed officers and city bankers raised one lakh of rupees for the payment of the troops. The Punjabis and merchants, who were Mahommedans and not permitted to take interest, could not be called upon to supply funds. Three sowars went into the city: a Sepoy asked one of them for his sword ; words ensued, and the sowars attacked and killed the map. His comrades went to the King, who ordered the sowar to be arrested. He was tied to a gun to be blown away, but was pardoned. News was received that the Maharajah of Patiala had contrived to gain over to his cause two regiments of Purbeahs, who had also promised to extinguish the fire of mutiny amongst their relatives serving in the regiments which had mutinied at Mecrut. News received that both Jeypur and Patiala were taking precautions to prevent the mutineers from remaining in their territories. Certain sowars and Telingas were this day reported as having been killed at Gurgaon. The King ordered Gholam Nabbi Khan, Agent to the Rajah of Jajjar, to proceed at once, and bring his master to Delhi. The Palace was this day crowded by a howling mob of men demanding pay. Representations were made to the King that to morrow being the 22nd May, the last day of the Ramzan, he should issue orders for a jehad against the Hindus. The King, together with the members of the Royal Council, replied very angrily that the greater part of the mutineers were Hindus and well armed, and that they would easily destroy all the jehadis. Information was received that Rajah Nahen Sing of Bulubgarh had made himself master of the country as far as Palwab. All the Europeans had fled, and Muha Kivani had arrived at Bulubgarhi. The King issued a proclamation by beat of drum that Hindus and Mahommedans must not quarrel. The Hindus had closed all their houses for fear of their lives. Large bodies of mutineers from Jullundur arrived this day telling of their bravery, and how they had killed their officers ; but this information was not believed, the statements made by different men differing in many respects. The King went out in state to say his prayers publicly, accompanied by Mirza Mogul Bahadur and Mirza Abu Bakr, who were in attendance. The house of Sobha Chand Kaest was this day plundered on the charge that he was in lcague with the English and supplying them with news. It was reported to the King that the mutineers had possessed themselves of much money and were buying gold mohurs at 32 rupees apiece, and that many mutineers who had left the city with money had been plundered of everything and had returned to the city with only their lives. At the evening parade 200 men were found missing. The demand for gold increasing, many of the soldiers were duped by the city Budmashes, who, leading them to one of the Mohallas, invited them to sit down while they brought them the coveted gold mohurs. Then taking the money to buy the gold, they decamped by another way and left the soldiers to deplore their loss. The soldiers revenged themselves upon the innocent people of the Mohalla. About three o'clock this day Abdul Samad Khan, the father in law of the Naavab of Jajjar, arrived with a following of 100 sowars. A body of troops was sent to Rohtak to bring in treasure.

May 23. Seeing the atrocities the mutineers were cornmitting in the city, Hakim Ahsanullah Khan induced the King to issue an order commanding the troops to leave the city, on the ground that they would only plunder and cause blood to be shed. The Jullundur troops, who had brought treasure with them, divided some of the money this day amongst themselves, and paid the balance of 80,000 rupees into the Imperial Treasury. Mirza Abu Baksh went to the Kotwali and decided on the fate of the Jews and Christians in confinement. Imperial orders were issued that, in accordance with the advice of one Runjit, a jeweller, the old coins should be withdrawn from circulation, and a new coinage introduced. The soldiers plundered the house of Kanheyal Lal, of Hyderabad, a severe fight having first taken place between the retainers of Kanheyal and the mutineers. Eventually, Mirza Kizr Sultan was induced by the offer of a bribe to go to his assistance, and thereby saved his life. One Kami Khan, a notorious Budmash, was ordered to be blown from a gun this day, but he, too, saved his life by a bribe. Nawab Mir Ahmed Ali Khan, under instructions from the King, issued orders to seize all the bankers and wealthy men of the city particularly those favourable to the English and to extort money from them for the pay of the mutineers. Mirza Mahommed Ali Bey was appointed tehsildar of the Mehrowli. Jewan Lal's garden and house were this day plundered by the soldiers, of property to the value of 2,000 rupees, on suspicion of his being in communication with the English.

May 24. Some flatterers attended the King's audience to day and informed him that all the English had fled the country, and that there were no English at Meerut except a few sick persons. Orders were again issued to General Abdul Samad to cause the attendance of the Nawab of Jajj'ar. Most of the Princes attended the audience, and presented nazzars to the King. In the evening, on the appearance of the new moon, this being the 29th of Ramzan, salutes were fired throughout the city. Some consternation was caused by the arrival of news that Sir john Metcalfe had escaped alive and had left Jajjar for Hansi Hirsar.

May 25. The King left the Palace and attended service at the Jumma Masjid, this being the festival of the Id. The Princes also attended. At the time of prayer a camel sowar arrived from the Rajah of Bulubgarh, to report that he had seen an English force advancing on the city. Great excitement prevailed, both the soldiery and the King's advisers going here and there, all uncertain what plan to follow, whether or not to leave the city. The native cavalry immediately began to saddle their horses, being chaffed by, the city Budmashes because their hands trembled in their haste to make ready. In the absence of the English, the mutineers were as lions, but on hearing of their approach, they sought places of refuge like rats in the presence of a cat. For about an hour there was great excitement in the city. Later on it was reported that the rumour of an English advance was false, and that the camel sowar had mistaken an Id procession for the advance guard of an English army. When the excitement had subsided, the principal men of the city waited on the King, as was customary on the festival of the Id. News reached the Palace that there had been a fight between the troops of the Rajah of Jajjur and some of the mutineers at Rohtak, in which the mutineers had been victorious and were returning with some of the treasure they had captured.

May 26. A discovery was made that somebody had filled the guns on the Islamgarh bastion with "kankar" and stones. Suspicion fell upon Hakim Ahsanullah Khan, and he was charged before the King of collusion with the English. The mutineers threatened to kill the Hakim, together with Mahbub Ali Khan. Swords were drawn. The two accused men swore that they were innocent, and asked how it was possible that they could have done this whilst the guns were guarded by sentries. The King shielded the accused and appeased the anger of the soldiery. About three o'clock in the afternoon, one of the Subahdars was suspected, arrested, and placed under guard. Several Gujars were apprehended for stealing gunpowder from the Magazine. Upwards of a lakh of rupees was brought in from the Government Treasury at Rohtak.

May 27. Two regiments of Punjabis demanded an audience of the King to complain that the Sahibs at Ferozepur had shot several men of the regiments to which they belonged, and requested that the King should take care that they should not be treated like their brethren at Ferozepur. They demanded guarantees from the King that he would protect them, otherwise they asked for permission to disband themselves. The King assured thern that he was able and willing to protect them. Information was brought by the troops returning from Rohtak that the magistrate and collector had escaped by some means or other. This information excited much interest. It was discovered to day that the guns on the bastions had been spiked, while others had been filled with stones, gravel, and ends of string. Great excitement prevailed, as it was clear that the English had some powerful friends in the city. About 200 armed men went to the Masjid and began to abuse the servants of the King , charging them with tampering with the guns. The King's friends retorted, denying the accusation and asking what kind of soldiers they were to allow such a thing to be done with guns under their charge. For two hours an uproar prevailed, before order could be restored. Abu Bakr was accused of disloyalty by Misr Mahommed Lal and charged with tampering with the guns. About three o'clock that afternoon it was reported that a Havildar was suspected of having filled the guns with gravel and iron nails. He was apprehended, tied to one of the guns, and there left. A body of Gujars attempted to carr off gunpowder and ammunition from one of the magazines, and were caught red handed.

May 28. At the audience it was stated to the King that the Gujars had arrived at Panipat. A statement of the military police raised for the protection of the city was handed to the King. The treasure, Rs. 175,000, brought from the Rohtak Treasury, was examined. Many of the bags were found to contain pice. The mutineers openly accused Hakim Ahsanullah Khan of intriguing with the English, and a guard was placed over him. He was told that he would no longer be permitted to hold any intercourse with the King, except in the presence of the guard. A guard was also placed at the house of Nawab Mahbub Ali Khan. All night there was an uproar, and constant panics. The following men, Hakim Ahsanullah Khan and Mahbub Ali Khan, were in attendance on the King all night. Order was issued to day to pay the mutineers,: this was done at the request of Mahbub Ali Khan: deductions were ordered to be made on account of the sums already paid to them ; nine for sowars and seven for infantry was fixed. A great uproar ensued. The cavalry demanded Rs. 30 for their pay, and no deduction for charges paid. The Subahdars of the Delhi Regiment accepted Rs. 7 as their pay. A violent, abusive altercation followed between the Meerut cavalry and the mutineers of the Delhi regiments. The Meerut sowars accused the Delhi regiments of having enriched themselves by plunder, whereas the Meerut men had by their good behaviour reaped nothing by plunder and robbery. They refused to receive Rs. 9. The foot Sepoys replied that the Meerut men were rebellious and utterly bad. Not only had they been the first to mutiny and kill their officers, whose salt they had eaten and led others to do likewise but they were desirous to quarrel and fight with their own countrymen. The Delhi Sepoys said they repented of their great fault that they had not done their duty and blown them from their guns when they first reached Delhi. Fierce passions were so raised, that at one time there was every probability of a serious encounter. The King's servants rushed in between the parties, and with great efforts quieted both sides, Mahbub Ali Khan promising the cavalry Rs. 20 pay per mensem. About 200 men arrived from Lahore and Ferozepur to join the mutineers. They came unarmed and many wounded. They were full of complaints that they had been attacked by the Maharajah of Patiala when they were sitting unarmed and unclothed on the ground, and had fled. They stated that others were in a worse plight than they were. They were slowly marching to Delhi also. A native contingent of 200 men from Gwalior arrived this day and asked to be enlisted. They boasted that they also had killed their officers. As they arrived with their uniform and accoutrements in good order, a story was spread that these men were an advance guard of' the British Army, sent to side deceitfully with the mutineers until the English should arrive, when they would join in attacking the mutineers inside the city. It was reported to the King that a number of Europeans were concealed in MoguIpura, one of the city wards. A body of soldiers was asked to find out and destroy them. The King ordered a few men to be sent, with orders to bring the Europeans, if found, to the Palace. Orders were issued accordingly. The Sepoys took the opportunity to plunder. About three o'clock a daily statement of the mutineer force was presented to the King. The following is the statement:-

 

                Cavalry from Meerut.

                Infantry from Meerut;

                200 Volunteer Infantry ;

                200 Infantry from Ferozepur;

                200 Umballa Regiment of Purbeahs;

                240 Customs Pyadahs ;

                200 Gwalior Contingent

                100 Mutineers from Mutineer Regiments, not classified ;

                200 Mutineer Delhi Regiments.

Complaints were made to the King that some one was keeping up a correspondence with the English from inside the city. A request was made that the man should be found. It was also represented to the King that the Europeans at Mecrut were hemmed in on all sides, unable to move, uncertain how to act, and were occupied in hanging such of the mutineers as fell into their power. Koer Wazir Ali Khan was reported to be daily in the habit of visiting the entrenchments. Report was received that a contingent from Gwalior and Akbarabad was approaching the city, also that certain European troops had reached Karnaul. The General commanding the mutineer Sepoys stated that he had arranged to collect all his forces to attack the English the next day.

May 29. Halkim Ahsanullah Khan and Mahabub Ali Khan were assaulted to day by native officers of the mutineer force, in consequence of the discovery of powder and shot in the Palace Granary, collected there, it was said, for the purpose of dispatch to the English. For a long time the mutineers continued violent ; they contended that the King's Begum had arranged this in collusion with Mahommed Sadur Ali Khan. They were, however, subsequently appeased. A European was brought in to day, having been found in Kudshiah Bagh. He was first of all declared to be John Lawrence. His captors said he had been identified by an old wound in his back. On his being stripped no wound was found on his person. From him, too, did these bloodthirsty wretches draw the clothing of life. He was dressed in the garb of a Hindu fortune teller ; he carried in his hand an almanack. It was suspected he was a spy. Inquiry was instituted by whose orders ammunition and powder, which had been found in carts containing grain, had been despatched the day previously. Suspicion fell on Abu Bakr. A nazzar of four gold mchurs was received from Bahadur Yung Kh,an, of Bahadurgarh. Two regiments of infantry and 200 cavalry encamped at Selimpur on their way to Meerut.

May 30. The troops that had gone as far as Selimpur created a disturbance, and returned on the pretence that no arrangements had been made for russad (provisions) for them. Information also received that a small force of Europeans was encamped on the banks of the Hindun, intending to guard the bridge. A mounted scout, wounded by the Europeans, made his way into the city with this information, but he has since died. Troops were ordered out to engage the Europeans. At three o'clock to day, at the Durbar, Mir Hassan Ali, Vakil of the Maharajah of Patiala, was accused of being in correspondence with the English, and was taken under an armed guard with drawn swords to the Kotwali. In revenge for the trouble caused by the Maliarajah of Patiala to the mutineers, the tables were turned upon his agent. Towards evening news was received that there had been a fight with the English at the Hindun. It transpired that the artillery of the mutineers had been taken, and the gunners had fled. The firing of the English was so good that many of the rebels, covered with dust, had gone to hell; many, like birds borne on the wing, had fled back to the city. Report said that there had been a fight at close quarters with swords, in which the English were victorious. Many wounded men with sword and gun shot wounds had been brought into the city in doolies (covered stretchers) during the night.The Delhi Hindus, who had suffered much at the hands of the mutineers since their arrival in the city, expressed their joy that these wicked men, like decapitated fowls, with bloody wounds, had now themselves been tossed hither and thither, and had lost all their manhood and bravery. The English were again coming

in place of these men. The King ordered reserves to be sent to the assistance of the mutineers. Mirza Abu Bakr, who had commanded, arrived and boasted to the King of his bravery in the fight; the bystanders, however, understood that he gave himself unfounded praise. The King was much perplexed ; all night he sat, surrounded by his advisers and those that adorned his court, taking counsel, and discussing the turn that affairs had taken.

May 31. Bodies of cavalry arrived from the Hindun, and impressed every man, of every class, high and low, on whom they could lay hands, for transport service. The city was in great uproar. Many rose to resist such oppression by force of arms. Two or three European Christians or Jews were found to day, taken to the Kotwali, and killed in the customary manner. The Subahdars of the infantry came to the King and represented that a great many Mahommedans had fallen in yesterday's engagement, claiming that they had fallen in jihad (war for religion). Inquiries were made about the behaviour of the Sepoys. It was admitted, that as soon as the rebels received a volley from the English, they lost heart, and began to return to the city. Some one in attendance stated that three hundred English, and a native regiment from Umballa, had reached Nurella. A force of two thousand men was reported as being at Moal on their way to join the rebels. Some one also stated that this force had thirteen European artillerymen as prisoners with them, as the Sepoys had taken their guns. It was reported to the King that several wounded men had come in from the Hindun river, who were boasting of their capture. Later on it was reported that the English had encamped on this side of the Hindun river, and the Sepoys, unable to resist them, had retired into the city. It is said that between five hundred and one thousand Sepoys, throwing away their uniform, had left the city for their homes in the garb of fakirs (hermits). Very few artillerymen were left to work the guns on the bastions. The Sepoys set fire to day to a village called Kukagadi, through which they passed, and destroyed it. The European force is to day comfortably encamped. The rebels are reported as short of drinking water. The King is drawing on the Commissariat. The Sepoys returned to the city, hungry, thirsty, and vexed. It is reported that troops from Hansi and Karnaul are marching to the English camp.

June 1. Orders issued to clear up the quarters at Jhurnakpore, and turn out the Gujar (robber tribes) and Mewattis (predatory troops of cavalry), who had taken up their abode there, and to make room for for Luchmun Sing, the Vakil of the Maharajah of Jaypur. A quantity of sugar was also sent there for the use of the troops. A dispute followed. Certain Mahommedan soldiers had touched the dishes. In revenge the Hindu soldiers plundered the sweetmeat shops. This day Mir Chokali, the Vakil of the Maharajah of Patiala, was roughly handled, and brought before the King; he was charged with being a correspondent of the English. The King's Vakil told the soldiers they might dispose of the Vakil as they pleased. A letter received from the Rajah of Bulubgarb, saying that he had imprisoned eleven soldiers found deserting to their homes, with gold mohurs to the value Of 2,000 rupees. The orders for imprisonment were confirmed. A petition received from the prisoners, saying that five of their number had been plundered by Gujars at Kishen Dass's tank, and one had been killed. They asked for justice. News reached the Palace from Bareilly that the English had been murdered at Meerut. Great complaints of the difficulty of getting provisions into the city, owing to the shops being closed : under the King's orders soldiers were stationed in the bazaar to keep the shops open. News came from Patiala that the two native regiments sent to assist the English had joined the mutineers, and had had a fight with the English. It was reported that the whole of the Patiala force was hostile to the English. The soldiers openly remonstrated with the Maharajah for sympathizing with the English, when the natives were fighting in defence of their religion. They reminded him that he had gained nothing by his behaviour during the Punjab war, and his conduct had even been questioned by the English.

The King issued a proclamation that he would in future receive no more petitions in person. They must be sent to Mahabub Ali Khan and Nawab Hakim Ahsanullah Khan. Orders were issued for the attendance of Girwar Sing and Girdhairi Lal, bankers, who were directed to pay three lakhs of rupees to the King's treasury, under pain of punishment and the forfeiture of all their property. The bankers offered two lakhs and some thousands to buy off forfeiture of property. Fifty boatloads of salt and sugar, on their way from were reported as having been sunk in the river. News reached of the junction of four batteries of artillery (horse) from Kasauli and Umballa with the English troops at Karnauil. News came that the English had formally called upon Patiala to join his forces with theirs, and that he had agreed to do so, on condition of a remission of six annas in the rupee, i.e. three eighths of his annual tribute. News came that the Patiala troops, with two English regiments, had reached Rohtak. Orders issued to the shopkeepers, that each man should keep a supply of attah (coarse flour), of dal (a kind of pea), twenty seers (measures), and salt, in his shop. Under a second order these supplies were to be sent to the Kotwalli. The King sent for Mirza Mogul Beg, Mirza Abu Bakr, and Mirza Abdullah, and expressed his anger at their sympathy with the Sepoys, warning them that one: day they would be hanged, as soon as the English entered the city. " My fate," he said, " may be thus

expressed : -

"Kafan pahankar zindagi ki aiyyam,

Kisi bag men goozar doonga."

( "For the rest of my life 1 shall live in the seclusion of some garden, Clothed in my burial sheet.")

The mutineers learned through their spies that the forces of the Rajah of Nabha and other chiefs had joined the English at Meerut. An advance was expected, and heavy guns were taken out of the Magazine and mounted on the walls, and their range tried with ball ammunition. At the sound of firing every shop was closed. The gomashta (business agent) of Seth Lachmi Chand (a famous banker of Muttra) reported at the Palace that the late Kotwail Sharaful Hak of the city had reached Agra, and had had an interview with the Lieutenant Governor, and had given him a statement of what had occurred, of the murder of the Europeans, and other events. He had been assured by the Lieutenant Governor that the English would speedily punish these evil doers. The gomashta further reported that the Government had asked Seth Lachmi Chand for a loan of twenty five lakhs of rupees for the current expenses of the war.

June 3. All the nobles of the city attended the King's Levee. It was reported that nine regiments of British infantry, three regiments of cavalry, with field batteries and siege train, had arrived at Alipur. The mutineer chiefs declared their ability to defend the city. The King inquired at what points it was proposed to oppose the English. The places stated were at Dhiraj Ke Pahari Kenghur, Purtosa, near the garden of Mahaldar also at Selimpur. The forces to be collected at each spot were to be specified, and an early attack on the city was anticipated. The conduct of two regiments at Lahore was discussed ; they had secretly expressed their intention of joining the mutineers, but had been disarmed by Sir John Lawrence. It was reported that the Chief Commissioner of the Punjab had visited the Maharajah of Patiala, and had returned to Lahore. In the PunjAb, it was stated, there was a feeling of peace and security, and little sympathy with the mutiny. The King issued orders that no one was to take or remove weapons out of the Magazine without orders from Mirza Amin-u-din Khan. Certain Moguls presented themselves, and asked permission to raise the Flag of jehad to arouse the inhabitants to oppose the English. The same evening all the remaining bungalows were destroyed and fired. Gazi-u-din Nukur, the zemindar of Poonah, and Satgaon, issued notification that no supplies were to be given to the English ; every straggler from the English Army was to be murdered, if caught ; the village obeying these instructions to be held hereafter rent free. Other zemindars took: similar action, showing their hatred of the English and sympathy with the King. News received from FerozepLIr that the English had driven three native regiments out of the city.

June 4. A meeting of the bankers was held under the orders of the King, and one lakh of rupees was subscribed, and a promise given of a second Ialh, payable in four days. The King received information that the bridge over the Canal had been broken down, and a battery erected there. Amin-u-din Khan returned from his walk. A palki bearer returned from Hissar, and reported that five companies stationed there had mutinied, and three hundred Mewattis had joined them. They had murdered the collector, and after plundering the treasury were on their way to Delhi. Later on in the day this news was confirmed by two sowars; further, that the mutineers had reached Bouli Serai with the treasure. The King ordered a cavalry escort to be sent out immediately to bring in the treasure, which arrived the same evening. The mutineers were ordered to camp near the Jail. A Chobdar arrived from Muttra, and reported that one regiment had mutinied at that station, and was in a disordered condition, but was marching on to the city to join the mutineers. Six thousand rupees were paid out of the Treasury by Nawab Mahabub Ali Khan, as pay for the mutineers. The Agent for Rawulji presented the King with a basket of Jeypur keonas (choice fruit), which was graciously accepted. A sowar arrived to report that a company of infantry bringing treasure from Gurgaon, had been attacked by Mewattis. Orders were issued to Moulvie Mahommed Bakr to proceed at once to rescue the treasure with two companies of infantry and one of cavalry.

June 5. Provisions ordered to be sent to the jail for the mutineers from Hissar. A guard was ordered to be placed over the house of Makhan Lal. A letter was ordered to be written to the Nawab of Jajjar to come at once with all the troops he could gather and convey the King, in the garments of a Fakir, to the Kutub. A Brahmin from Delapur came and reported that when the Sepoys abandoned their guns, the Gujars carried off the artillery bullocks, and that the English had in their turn taken the bullocks from them, and had employed them in dragging the guns to Meerut. A Havildar deserted from the English force encamped at Alipur. He wore a gold necklace round his neck ; he addressed the mutineers, advising them to submit to the English. He was ill treated, plundered of his ornaments, taken to the Lahore Gate, and there killed. It was reported that Laku Sing, Thanadar of Alipur was providing rassad (supplies) for the English ; his two brothers were seized in their house in Kuria Mohalla. They pleaded innocence, and said that they had long since separated from their brother, and had no connection with him. On the evidence of the neighbours the brothers were released.

June 6. It was reported to the King that the salaries of all the servants had been paid. The King was pleased. A carter reported that the forces of the Mahar~jah of Patiala and of the Rajah of Jhind, and the English, were to be seen between Umballa and Delhi ; also that heavy artillery was seen on the road drawn by elephants. The mutineers represented to the King that it was rumoured throughout the city that the English would enter the city that night , and requested orders that the city wall might be lined with soldiery. The King issued the necessary orders. Hakim Ahsanullah Khan was ordered to serve out rations. One hundred maunds of attah and dal were taken from Dwalli, Baniyah. A letter was received from Lahore to the address of Gissaram and Tara Chand, intimating that all was peace and quiet there. The shopkeepers at the Delhi Gate of the city were turned out of their shops, which were taken possession of by the mutineers as barracks. The city Kotwal was ordered to have ample provisions ready. The officers in command of the mutineers reported to the King that twenty four guns had been sent to the front to oppose the English advance. Reports were received that treasure was on its way from Hansi, and that a force of three regiments, with some thousand irregular troops, comprised of Mewattis were on the road to stop the English. Rumour had it that the English had taken three lakhs of rupees from the bankers at Paniput and Karnaul. A story was spread at Patiala, Umbailla, and Kaithal, that the mutineers were on their way to attack and plunder these places. All the approaches to the city, and the bridges, were destroyed by the mutineers

June 7. About 400 Moguls presented themselves before the King, and stated that they had raised the Flag of Jehad and were going to fight the English. They then went off in the direction of the artillery lines. About 450 mutineers arrived from Lucknow. The officers of two regiments of infantry and one of cavalry, which weic stationed at Lucknow, presented themselves, and expressed their sympathy with His Majesty's cause. It was reported that they were marching on Delhi, having heard of the King's victorious reputation, and after having plundered and destroyed all the bazaar, magazine, and treasury. Seventy sowars arrived from Alipur, and reported that they had defeated the English force, and pursued it for six miles. Orders were issued through the police that each sweetmeat seller was instantly to prepare twelve rupees' worth of sweetmeats¹, ( ¹ The giving of sweetmeats as a reward for services, or as a solace, or as a gift, is common throughout India. Even condemned criminals are allowed a feast of sweetmeats on the morning of their execution) to be sent out to the victorious troops, to reward them for their bravery. A report was received that the English had attempted to destroy a native regiment at Agra, in consequence of which the Sepoys had mutinied, and, after killing all Europeans, were making their way to Delhi. News was received of villages burned by the English, and of the execution of four zemindars, who were very popular, for insulting conduct to an English lady. News received that sixteen carts of provision for the English forces had been seized by the Gujars. The carts were taken to the King, and were plundered by city Musalmans under the King's orders.

June 8. Kazi Faiz-ullah Khan was ordered to collect all the bullocks, for the purpose of taking supplies to the troops. A sowar arrived, and reported that fifty Sepoys had been killed that day in a skirmish with the English. Forty camels were stolen from the English lines, and brought into the city this day. Dispatches came from Jajjar, intimating that a regiment at Jajjar had mutinied, and murdered Sawul Sing, and were intending to kill the Nawab, who had concealed himself. The report was received of the murder of Mr. Mutton by mutineers from Bulubgarh. A statement came from the Kotwal of the city intimating that troops had started from the city. A letter was received from Lahore stating that a fight had taken place between the mutineers and the English, and that Maharajah Golab Singh of Cashmere, and his two sons, had arrived at Lahore, and joined the Entglish. A newspaper from Peshawur was received which stated that Sardar Dost Mahommed Khan had returned to Cabul, and had placed one fort in a state of defence, in case of attack from the Persians. News received that the Maharajah of Patiala had undertaken the administration of the whole country from Umballa to Karnaul. Fifty Sepoys went to the house of Pia Mull Maswari, and charged him with supplying the English with supplies, threatening his life. They seized his son, and brought him before the King.

June 9. A sowar arrived from Badli Sarai, to inform the King that the mutineers would engage the English that day at midday, and to tell the, King that the English had sent spies into the camp of the mutineers in the disguise of the 4th Native Cavalry, who were acting as the King's body guard. A fight had ensued, and the English had taken possession of the camp of the mutineers. The mutineers this day retired into the city, abandoning the country side to the English. The mutineers reported a loss this day of 400 men. The English advanced as far as Mubhrak Bagh, on the road to Sowari Mandai. Heavy firing continued all day till four p.m. Seventeen guns fell into the hands of the English during the day. Chia Mull presented himself before the King, and petitioned for the release of the son of Pia Mull, on the ground that his father had daily supplied rations to the mutineers, and had not in any way befriended the

English. The bastions were fully manned, and the troops ready at their stations. The city people mounted on to the roofs of their houses, and watched with great fear the distant firing. Only Mahommedans were killed in this fight, and no Hindus. Ammunition and supplies were constantly despatched in the direction of the battlefield. The city people poured volleys of abuse upon the mutineers, who were seen returning to the city, accusing them of cowardice ; while the troops at the city gates abused the native cavalry, which returned early in the day and took refuge in the city. Mirza Mogul issued orders to the troops to be on the alert. Owing to the result of the fight to day, the soldiers seemed to lose all heart, although Mirza Mogul, in his general orders to the troops, stated that, as a castle in the game of chess, he was firmly seated beyond all fear of check being given. Yet the mutineers were panic stricken. It is much to be regretted that the English did riot advance this day. Had they done so, they would have taken the city, for the gates were open. The city people expressed their surprise at their holding back in the way they did.

June 10. The King issued a proclamation for the forcible opening of all the shops in the city. A servant of Wali Mahommed arrived from Lahore, and narrated that there had been a fight between the English and the mutineers, and that the shops of Wali Mahommed, Hossein Baksh, and Kutubuddin had been plundered. News arrived of outbreaks at Rawalpindi and Umritsar. All approaches to the city were reported to day as dangerous. News received from Bombay that Sir John Lawrence had written to Bombay for assistance in troops, and that Bombay troops would arrive at Delhi towards the end of June. It was reported that the Bombay Government had advised that no attack should be made on the city until the arrival of the Bombay troops, and even if attacked the army should remain on the defensive. General Sammud Khan attended in answer to a summons from the King. He agreed to attack the English if placed in command of the King's troops. The King ordered his appointment as Commander in Chief, with the presentation of the usual khilat. After repeated assurances of his loyalty, and having given the usual present of one gold mohur and five rupees cash, he retired. A proclamation was issued to the army to muster and advance under the generalship of Sammud Khan, when victory would be their reward. About ten o'clock a force of 1,800 Sepoys and twelve horse guns issued from the Lahore Gate and Cashmere Gate. On reaching the English position Sammud Khan commnicated with the English, to say that he had been sent by the Rajah of Jajjar to join the English force. This feint did not succeed, and an order was issued to attack.

About 100 English were killed ; the English then pushed forward their artillery. The General came under fire, and immediately retreated, leaving several fieldpieces behind him. The force retreated through the Cashmere Gate into the city. Artillery fire was then opened from the Cashmere Gate bastions. The whole force by the evening returned within the city walls. The heads of the Europeans killed in the fight were cut off, and paraded through the city. A shell frorn the English guns fell on the house of one Sadat Khan, destroying and killing many of the inmates. About fifty Sepoys went to the house of Rajah Ajit Sing, and brought him prisoner before the King. He was threatened with death unless he used his influence over his brother, who was siding with the English. Ahsanullah Khan pleaded for the Rajah that he was not responsible for his brother's conduct : that for some time there had been an ill feeling between the brothers, and in consequence of this, the Rajah Ajit Sing had taken up his residence at Delhi and left Patiala. The Rajah threw himself at the King's feet and implored his Protection. The King, gave orders for his immediate release.

June 11. Kuli Khan, formerly an artillery man in the Service of the English Government at a salary of twenty eight rupees distinguished himself by his exertions, keeping up the bastions at the English ; the whole city was full of his praises. The King , cheered by the prowess of this man, ordered one hundred maunds of gunpowder to be prepared. Saltpetre and charcoal were purchased. A report received that the Lieutenant Governor of Agra, hearing that Delhi had not fallen, had ordered his dak ¹ (¹ A dakgharri is a posting carriage. Ordering his Dak to be laid meant making arrangements toleave Agra.) to to be laid. The Commander-in-Chief was reported to have come down from Simla to join the army, and was expected to be before Delhi On the 12th. A confidential report was received this day, by the King that when the news of the Mutiny reached the Queen of England she ordered 24,000 troops to be despatched. About two o'clock to day the English established a battery at Kaband and opened fire at the Cashmere Gate, The fire of the King's artillery prevented the English from completing their design ; the English lost all courage, and were much disheartened. A force Of 2,000 men was ordered to the Cashmere Gate. Two cavalry sowars arrived in the city and begged for reserves to be sent up at once, as the King's troops were hard pressed. Reserves were ordered up, but the attack which the English had intended was abandoned, and they had retired to their encampment. It was reported to the King that it was the intention of the English chiefs to attack the Kudsia Bagh; 21,000 men were kept under arms in readiness all that night. The artillery fire of the English caused destruction this day in the city, killing many people on their housetops and injuring many houses. Four English were found this day concealed in the house of a Khansamah, and were killed by the mutineers.

June 12. Piari Lal was taken forcibly before the King, and charged with supplying sulphur to the En lish. Certain sowars arrived from Badli Serai to announce that five companies Of Sepoys, 300 sowars, and 6000 Rupees of treasure might be immediately expected. The treasure shortly after wards arrived ; the troops escorting it were ordered to encamp in the Shumru- Ke- Begami Gardens. The King expressed his anger at the apathy of the mutineers, who were making no serious attempt to drive off the English ; the King chided the chief at not having gained a single victory.

June 13. The whole force was mustered, including the sappers and miners, and the King's Bodyguard, and marched out of the Cashmere Gate to give battle to the English. Certain thieves plundered the house of a Thainadar in Chaora Alohalla, and wounded several of the household. The Thanadar seized one of the thieves. A sowar arrived from the battlefield and reported that the Sepoys had reached the Kaband, and came under the artillery fire of the English. The mutineers having lost twenty cavalry and sixty Sepoys by the fire, the whole force was retreating, the regiments reported as having set the example being the mutineers from Umballa.

June 14. Buldeo Sing, the brother of Lachman Sing, Thanadarir of Alipur, was seized and brought to the Kotwali. He was accused of sympathizing with the English. He was shot, and his body suspended from a tree. Thirteen bakers residing at the Cabul Gate were dragged from their houses and killed, on being suspected of supplying bread to the English. The shop of Jamna Dass was plundered because he sold attah at a high price. The mutineers committed many other oppressive acts this day. About three o'clock in the afternoon 6,000 Sepoys with twelve guns marched out of the city. A fight ensued, in which loss occurred on both sides. Reserves were sent up. Heavy artillery fire lasted the whole night. The houses near Sadut Khan's house suffered severely from the English fire. The city people were angered and put to great difficulties. Reports came of the oppressions practised by the Gujars on travellers. The city people began to be anxious, and were perplexed at the situation. On one hand there were enemies among their own countrymen, both inside and outside the city, and on the other there was the overhanging shadow of the coming attack of the enraged English. A Mahout deserted with his elephant from the English camp, and made his way to the Palace. The King took the elephant for himself. On the morning of this date, Nawab Mahabub Ali Khan passed away to paradise. Elephants and troops accompanied the body to the grave. The dead was buried at the Masjid of Karim-ulla-Shah, near the Khanum Bazar, with great pomp and ceremony. The body was followed by all the nobles of the city.

June 15. Seven cannonballs fell early this morning in the King's palace. The King threatened to leave the city and retire to the Kdtub, unless the troops left the city. Under pressure, ten thousand mutineers were let out of the city at midnight to attack the English camp. Many, fell on both sides, but the troops could make no way against the heavy fire of the English, and returned in great disorder to the city. The city people were apprehensive that the Magazine would be blown up by the English fire. More troubles for want of supplies. Shopkeepers seized and harassed. Fifty coolies sent to pull down the house of the Maharajah of Indore. Proclamation sent to all Durbaris to attend the King's Durbar on the third day after the death of Mahabub Ali Khan. A sowar arrived from Nimuch to report the approach of 500 mutineers from that station.

June 16. Hakim Ahsanullah Khan, Mir Fateh Ali (officer in charge of the throne), and Bodhau Sahib (sic), and other nobles went to the Masjit:l and offered prayers in honour of the late Mahabub Ali Khan. A sowar reported that there had been an engagement between the Sepoys and the English, in which 200 men had fallen. A body of cavalry came in from Nimuch with treasure. Seven persons who had been imprisoned on charges of friendship with the English were this day released. Three men, taken to be spies, were killed by the troops. A woman and a resident of Mulliwara were killed in the city by a stray cannonball from the English, lines.

June 17. A proclamation was issued selling the Bank House ¹ (¹ The Bank House was the property of Mrs. Dyce Somba, afterwards Lady Forrester.) and some opium. Several kaharies and khatris petitioned the King regarding the oppressions practised by the soldiers, and the stoppage of provisions from entering the city. On this the King sent for the chief of the mutineers, and threatened to take poison, unless greater discipline were enforced and the oppressions discontinued. The chief promised immediate compliance, and said that there should be no further occasion for similar complaints. An order was issued to Kazi Faiz-ullah-Beg to prepare provisions for the troops that were about to attack the English. Forty cannonballs were picked up this day fired from the English camp. Many persons were killed by them. A very large cannon was taken from the Magazine, and mounted, to reply to the English fire. The chief attended the Durbar, and reported that three batteries had been constructed at Dir Chuki Hill, and also on the Idgah and that they intended to attack the English. Later on in the day the English attacked the Idgah Battery ² (²Major H. Tornbe, B.H.A., commanded in this affair) , and drove the mutineers out of it, capturing two guns. Seven carts laden with lime were despatched for repairs to Selimgarh. Several persons desiring to send letters, presented themselves before permission to do so. It was refused. A cannon, lying at the door of the Palace since the time of Shah Jehan, was taken by the mutineers and mounted at the Lahore Gate. It being a long range gun, it was intended to annoy the English troops marching from Agra.

June 18. Rumour spread that the "2nd Regiment" at Nasirabad had mutinied and murdered their officers, and had arrived at Delhi with treasure and ammunition. We learned from some of the men that the Maharajah of Jeypur had supplied them with rations on their march under great pressure. They stated that the Maharajah would give no assistance to the King. It was reported that Lala Pershad was recruiting for the English. News reached the Palace that the native troops at Cawnpore had murdered their officers, and were on their way to Delhi ; also that 1,500 Europeans came via Jeypur voa Nasirabad to Agra.

June 19. The officers of the Nasirabad troops attended the King's audience, and agreed to attack the English next day.

June 20. The Nasirabad troops attacked the English, and a severe engagement followed, in. which many were killed on both sides ; a shell set fire to a house. A proclamation issued to send provisions to the army at Singharh. Again the troops attacked the English, and continued the engagement until the evening. A cannonball entered the house of Ganesha Lal, a shopkeeper, killing his servant. A Jathni of Dhiraj Pahari took a house in the Billi Mohalla. Seven Sepoys went to his house to plunder: the neighbours turned out in force ; a fight ensued, and several of the Sepoys were wounded. Reinforced, the Sepoys returned to the attack, and further plundered the houses of the sons of Umed Sing and Ram Sahai Mull. Many persons were killed by the cannonballs which fell into the city.

June 21. Several thousand mutineers attacked the English camp this morning; the engagement lasted a long while, but there but there was no victory. All the night cannonballs flew into the city. A sowar came to announce the arrival of three regiments of foot and cavalry from Jullundur, who offered their services to the King; they were ordered to encamp outside the city. Nine carts of provisions for the English were intercepted and brought into the city. It was rumoured that the mutineers from Bareilly and Cawnpore were marching on Delhi. A force left the city in the afternoon to attack the English.

June 22. The three regiments from jullundur arrived, and were encamped in the Kudsia Bagh Garden. Their officers attended the Durbar, and complained that they had been attacked on the road by the forces of Patiala, which they had defeated, taking one gun. They explained that they had reached Delhi by a roundabout way through fear of the English, whose forces were daily increasing. The native officers were boasting that they had murdered the Collector of Nasirabad, and had taken his elephant, which they had brought with them. The King flattered them, saying they were great Bahadurs, whose like was not to be met with. About fifty Sepoys entered the house of Jogul Kishore, son of Kaniya LaI (news-writer of Hyderabad), with a view to plunder, but were deterred by Mirza Mogul. They then plundered the Mohalla of Mir Ashik.

June 23. A gun constructed in the reign of Shah Jehan was taken, and mounted. When ready a he goat was tied to the mouth, and twenty five seers of sweetmeats placed inside, and a necklace of flowers hung round the muzzle. Several Brahmins and astronomers were summoned, and directed to consult their almanacks as to whether the mutineers would be victorious.The astronomers replied that great disturbance would last for a year. Several thousands would die, but the shadow of Peace and Security would spread over the land from 1916 Sambat. Beyond this the astronomers would say nothing. News arrived that two regiments of native infantry at Calcutta, afraid of losing their caste, had fled to Nepaul. News came that a Brahmin had been hanged outside the city of Alighur, under orders of the Collector, for spreading a rumour that a battle had been fought at Delhi between the English and the mutineers, in which there had been great slaughter. News arrived of fresh troops from Bombay coming to swell the English force, and that twenty regiments of English for India had started from England. An order was issued to the Kotwal to supply sweetmeats and provisions for the troops, who had gone out to attack the English. All day there was fighting. About four p.m. the troops returned to the city. A proclamation by beat of drum was issued, that such a cannon would be fired that night that the concussion was expected to level all the streets and dilapidated houses in the city. People were warned not to sleep in such houses.

Jnue 24. The Sepoy sirdars attended the King's Durbar, and reported that they had engaged the English the whole day, till bugle call on both sides stopped the firing. They also complained that as they were returning to the city, a shot was so carelessly fired by Kulii Khan from the city that three Sepoys had been badly, wounded and several camp followers killed. He (Kuli Khan) had been placed under arrest, and was brought before the King. He was charged with being in collusion with the English. It was rumoured that Luckman Seth was enlisting troops for the safety of Agra, and had sent bodies of men there. Hakim Ahsanullah KhAn reported that the mutineers were plundering plundering the town, and had entirely depopulated Dip Chah Pahari Mohalla, and Tellewari. It was rumoured eported that the Cawnpore troops had gone to attack the English at Meerut. A battle had been fought, with some loss and no result. News received of the arrival of 1,500 English from NasirabAd at Agra.

June 25. Hakim Ahsanullah. Khan, Nazir Hassan Mirza, and Mahbub Ali Khan, Mozuffer ul Dowlah, and the chief city officers presented themselves at the audience to pay their respects. The sirdars of the Sepoys also attended. The bad behaviour of the Sepoys was referred to. Hakim Ahsanullah Khan was accused by Ali Khan and Kadir Baksh, in charge of the Serais, of releasing the bad characters who had been captured red handed for plundering, and had taken bribes from them. They pleaded for better arrangements for the peace and security of the city, and represented that all trade was at a standstill. A zemindar came in from Bagpat and presented a nazzar of one rupee. He reported that one thousand Sepoys of Maharajah Surdip Sing were plundering that portion of the city where he lived, and were constructing a bridge over the Jumna river. He asked for a body of troops to drive thetn out of the place ; the King referred him to Mirza Kizr Sultan. The King also issued an order to have Ali Khan and Kadir Baksh turned out of the city for calumniating Hakim Ahsanullah KhaIn. The King's orders were this day issued to Abdul Sulif Khan to send Nawab Mustaffa Khan under safe escort to Delhi. Four hundred Jehadis from Gurgaon and other districts arrived at Delhi, and presented themselves before the King. Cannonballs were falling into the city all day. A syce and several persons were killed. The traders of Churi Mohalla petitioned the King in person that gunpowder was being manufactured in the house of the Shumru Begum, near their houses ; they expected any moment to be blown into the air. The King consoled them, and promised to stop the manufacture. A council of war was held, consisting of Makhan Lal, Hakim. Ahsandllah Khan, and Nawhb Ahmed Kuli Khan. The King addressed the sirdars of the Sepoys, pointing out that they were destroying the kingdom that had lasted for 500 years, and remarked sarcastically that when they went out to fight the English they returned " topsy turvy." He offered up a prayer, saying: "Alas ! this is the will of God that I and my kingdom shall be destroyed." " I wish you all to leave the town." News reached the Palace that the Collector of Bijnour had made over charge of the city of Najibabad to Nawab Mahmud Khan, and had himself gone to Rurki. News arrived that the Bareilly force was at Shahjahanpur.

June 26.- One hundred men from Bhopal, and two hundred from other places, this day came into the city. The King received them. They were ordered to encamp outside the city. A man came from Benares ; he also was ordered to live outside the city. Two regiments of infantry and 200 cavalry, and two guns, were sent to engage the troops of the Maharajah of Jhind. Mirza Mogul was thrown out of his buggy in driving back from the Delhi Gate, and received a slight injury. News received that the Gwalior contingent, having murdered their officers, were marching on the city. It was reported to the King that the troops who had left the city to fight the English, were returning, as the air did not agree with them (sic lit.). The King issued orders to the effect that the troops, having failed to drive away the English, should leave the city, and go elsewhere. It was rumoured that 5,000 wine distillers had joined the English troops.

June 27. - An engagement began early this morning at Kudsia Bagh and Idgah, lasting all day, and many persons were killed. A petition was received from Bagpat that the troops of Jhind had been defeated, the bridge they had been constructing was broken, and the troops sent from Delhi would return early the next day. An order was issued to Hakim Ahsandllah to move the gunpowder manufactory from Begum Shumru's house. Four hundred men were assembled outside the Cashmere Gate. The English artillery fire told heavily upon them. It was rumoured that the Commander in Chief of the English had that morning been killed in the fight, and his body buried before. the Cashmere Gate. It was rumoured that there had been a quarrel between the English and the Gurkhas. Thirty sowars of the Gwalior contingent reached the city, and reported that they were the advance guard of the whole Gwalior contingent. They were ordered to encamp outside the city. The King informed Mirza Mogul that the royal treasury was empty, and no further pay would be issued to the troops. The force returned from Bagpat, and reported that they had brought the Thanadar and Matsadi back in custody, as they had been supplying provisions to the English. It transpired that the troops sent for the protection of Bagpat had plundered the city. The English this day failed in blowing up one of the city bastions. They had mined the Customs House with this object.¹ (¹ Quite imaginary ; the English were never near enough to do anything of the sort.)

June 28. - The whole number of the leading inhabitants of Delhi waited on the King to pay their respects. A letter was received from Mirza Mogul, saying that the 25,000 rupees given for the pay of the Sepoys had already been distributed, and 2,500 rupees was still due. The King ordered the balance to be sent. A man was caught digging a mine in a house in the Palace, in connivance with the English , ¹ (¹ All imaginary) to blow up the Palace wall; he was blown from a gun at Selimgarh, as a warning to others. Several persons were killed by cannonballs falling in the city. The officers of the army complained of the inconvenience they were subjected to in camping during the rains outside the city. The King permitted them to reside in the city till the rainy season should pass. All the troops encamped outside the Delhi, Lahore, and Turcoman Gates returned to the city, where they occupied the Civil Courts, the Mahommedan College, and the houses in the city. Badges engraved with the King of Delhi's name were this day issued to the Guards occupying the Police Station, the Kutub, and other places.

June 29. - The King held a levee which was numerously attended : the prospects of the war were discussed for several hours. The officers of the regiments from Nimuch reported that two regiments of native infantry, 600 cavalry, and one battery of artillery, with one lakh and some odd thousands of rupees, would arrive in the city in a week. Representative officers from the Bareilly force presented themselves, and reported that the force would arrive in Delhi in the course of three days. A letter was received from Wallidad Khan, of Balagarh, asking the aid of one regiment of foot and some guns from the Bareilly force: he was told to raise a force to preserve peace and order. Mitan Lal, Matsadi of Bag Begum. Shumru, received notice that all his employer's property had been confiscated by the State, and that all rents in future were to be paid into the Royal Treasury. A note was written to the officers of the regiments, asking for a guard to be put over Luckmiput Seth's house, as it had been plundered by the Sepoys. Reports made to the King that all the wood lying on the banks of the Jumna was being taken to cook their dinner with. Orders issued to prevent this. Report received from the Thanadar of Shalidara Police Station that the Bareilly forces would arrive to-morrow. Orders passed for collection of provisions. Representative officers of regiments from Benares present at the audience. They reported that their regiments were halted at the tomb of Safdar Jang, awaiting orders. They were told to halt until further orders, and that provisions would be sent there for them. Four hundred rupees collected as rent of shops in the Chandni Chowk, and paid into the treasury. A man was apprehended, being found in possession of ammunition stolen from the Magazine. Petition received from Rajah Nahar Sing, chief of Bulubgarh, that, if permitted, he would send all the property of his cousin, Nawul Sing, to Bulubgarh. Permission granted. Twenty sowars arrived from Cawnpore, and reported that for several days a fight had raged between. the English and the natives. All the English had in the end been put to the sword, and the city was in the possession of the troops. Mirza Mogul held a council of war at his house. It was rumoured that four spies visiting the English camp had been seized and examined. They told the English that the man sent to fire the mine under the city walls had been blown away. On hearing this the spies were shot. The forces of the Nawab of Jajjar wished to join the religious cause. Military guards placed at all police stations.

June 3o. - Engagement with the English at Suneri Mundai. Officers of the forces engaged attended the King's levee, and expressed their loyalty and their determination to fight the English to the best of their ability. They boasted at some length of the prowess of the Sepoys. Five hundred fanatics returned with an elephant they had taken from the English, and presented it to the King. A mine was discovered being dug, near the Cashmere Gate. The man caught was hung before the Kotwali on a tree. A proclamation was issued that all friends of the English would be treated in this manner. A man disguised in the garb of a fakir was seized at the Ajmere Gate, and being suspected to be a spy from the English camp, he was killed. It was rumoured that a force Of 200 English had set fire to and burned down the Mohalla of Tellewaria, Dheragpahari, and Saidepura. One Englishman rode up to the Lahore Gate, and fired at the sentry with a pistol ; he then rode away. A heavy storm of wind occurred this day, in which the Jumna Bridge sank. Several carts laden with goods, on their way to Bulubgarh, were seized, on the suspicion that they held ammunition ; they were taken back to the city, but, on being searched, nothing was found, and they were released. The Bareilly force was reported to have reached Ghaziabad. Orders issued to repair the Darogah Bridge.

July1.- Hakim Ahsanullah Khan, Nawab Hassan Ali Khan, and other sirdars attended the audience. Two messengers arrived from Bijah Bai as the bearers of a nazzar of one lakh of rupees for the King. The messengers complained that the. Gujars had plundered them of the letter of which they, were the bearers near Furidabad, and that they had torn up the papers. The King ordered them to be given a present of one rupee each. News reached the Palace of the arrival of the Bareilly force on the banks of the Jumna. The broken bridge prevented the Delhi force from Crossing over to the Delhi side of the river. Four hundred coolies and two companies of sappers and miners were sent to repair the bridge. Mir Fateh Ali appointed to repair the bridge. The King examined the Bareilly forces across the river through a telescope, and remarked upon the elephants and cavalry. Khan Hassan Ali reported that six shells had been fired from the city into the Englsih camp, of which three had burst on the main road and one in the camp. Orders were issued for the dispatch of 100 shells to the native batteries. Hakim Ahsanullah ordered to hasten the reconstruction of the Jumna Bridge. Heavy fire poured into the city. Many casualties among the inhabitants reported. The English fire was chiefly directed on the battery, commanded by Kuli Khan. Two artillery rnen and seven others were killed ; one gun dismounted and rendered useless. Expectations of an attack from the English. The King summoned all the leaders and ordered them to take a large force to meet the English outside the gate. A force consistent, of several thousand men marched out of the city and took up its position at Idgah and Dum Dumma. The Nasirabad contingent were employed in mounting heavy guns in the batteries. Munshi Kishen Lall appointed Bakhshi of the Chowkidars (paymaster of the police or municipal watchmen). The bridge was reported ready for the passage of the Bareilly force on the morrow. Mahommed Kuli Khan ordered to receive the force and welcome it. Nawab Bahadur Jang borrowed a sum of 6,000 rupees from the Nawab of Jajjar for the pay of the troops. Two men ordered to pull down the houses in the Suneri Mundai.

July 2. - Nawab Ahmed Kuli Khan went out to receive the Bareilly force. Hakim Ahsanullah Khan, General Sannad Khan, Ibrahim Ali Khan, Ghulam Ali Khan, and others were present. Mahommed Kdli Kha'n, with Mahommed Bakht Khan, ¹ (¹ Bakht Khan was the chief native officer of a field battery of artillery, all the gunners being natives. It was rather a famous battery, as it had served at Jalalabad under Sale in the first Afghan War, and had a mural crown as an honorary decoration on its guns. Bakht Khan had served in it at Jalalabad. he was much sought for after the Mutiny, but he was never found or heard of. He was not killed in action, or we should have heard of it ; and one or two of the guns were never recovered: they will turn up some day. – Note by G. H. M. Rickett, C,B.) commander of the Bareilly force, solicited orders for the employment of the force. The King's orders were that the inhabitants of the city must not be plundered. The King said it was no use his giving orders, as they were never obeyed, and he had no one to enforce them, but his decree was that the English should be caused not to exist. Mahommed Bakht Khan offered his services as Commander-in-Chief of the forces, with a view to enforce general discipline. The King grasped his hands in token of friendship. On returning to the troops Bakht Khan acquainted the Subahdars with the King's acceptance of his service, and asked thein whom they would obey. The Subahdars swore allegiance and obedience to Mahommed Bakht. After the levee the King gave the General a private audience. The General pointed out that he was the descendant of the same family as the King of Delhi, and asked the King to satisfy himself that this was true. The King replied there was no necessity for inquiry, for a greater man than the General did not exist. The General replied 1 shall be entitled to the honour of Bahadur when I shall have driven the English out of Delhi and Meerut." Orders were issued to the Darogah of Nawab Abdul Rahman Khan, of Jajjar, to vacate the Kalla Mahall in favour of the troops. The order was carried out. The General Bakht Khan visited Prince Mirza Mogul, and after a long consultation returned to camp. A shield, a sword, and the title of General were bestowed on Mahommed Bakht Khan, and he was appointed Commander-in -Chief of the whole of the forces. A proclamation was issued ordering the attendance of all officers in command of regimetns to receive instructions from Mahommed Bakht Khan. Mirza Mogul was appointed Adjutant General. Mahommed Bakht informed the King that if any of the Princes attempted to plunder the city, he would cut off their noses and cars. The King replied: "You have full authority. Do whatever seems good unto you." In accordance with this order the Kotwal of the city was informed that if any more plundering took place he would be hanged. Soldiers plundering were to be arrested. Mahommed Bakht Khan, reported that he was ready outside the city with the following force :

 

                Four regiments of foot,

                Seven hundred cavalry,

                Six horse artillery guns,

                Three fieldpieces,

                Fourteen elephants,

                Three hundred spare. horses taken from the Government Stud at Hanpir,

                One hundred Jehadis.

The force had received six months' pay in advance. He reported also that he had treasure to the extent of four lakhs. He declared he would not trouble the King for any assistance, and if his troops were victorious he would pay in any surplus money to the King's treasury. The King ordered 4,000 rupees to be distributed among the Bareilly troops for festivities (ziafut). All officers commanding detachments of troops were ordered to place themselves under General Bakht Khan's orders. Similar orders were issued to the Agra force. The General,ordered a proclamation, by beat of drum, that all shopkeepers were to keep arms, and that no one should leave his house unarmed. Persons having no arms to apply to headquarters for them, and they would be given them free of charge. Any soldier caught plundering was to have his arm severed from his body. All persons having, ammunition to give it over to the Magazine, under pain of severe punishment. The police officers were ordered to cause all the respectable inhabitants of Delhi to attend the General levee. The General inspected the Magazine, and ordered the stores and material to be properly arranged. Complaints were made that the house of Rai Ransuram Dass, deputy collector, had been plundered. Reports received that several thousand men of the Rajah of Bikanir had arrived at Hansi Hissar, had attacked bands of soldiers and had killed a great number of them, and had restored peace and security in those places. They were about to march to Rohtuk. The postal line was open from Hissar to Saresar. Dispatches from Lucknow that the troops had risen and had surrounded all the English in Muchi Bawan. Dispatches received from Gwalior that the contingent wished to mutiny, but were kept together by the influence of Maharajah Jya Jee Rao Singhia, who counselled

the soldiers to remain with him and not to join the army at Delhi. At eight o'clock this night General Bakht Khan visited the King, and long remained in consultation with him, Zinat Mehal, Hakim Ahsanullah Khan and Ahmed Kuli Khan.

July 3.- Haksan Ali Khan, Rajah Ahmed Sing's son, and other sirdars attended the King's levee. A petition was presented by the city residents complaining that General Mahommed Bakht Khan had summoned thern to attend at his house and had sent the summons through the police. They felt hurt and maltreated. They prayed that the order should be recalled, and if they (the petitioners) were wanted and were politely summoned by letter they would attend. The General, being called upon for an explanation, said that he had not sent for the bankers of the city, but had sent police to warn them to be ready armed. On this same date (July 3) orders were issued by the King to Bakht Khan to arrange for the monthly payment of the King's servants. The General was empowered to fine all those plundering , and to give compensation (tawan) to the plundered victims. He was also instructed to arrange for the civil administration, the police , and revenue departments. An order issued whereby the royal princes were relieved from all further duties connected with the army. A sowar of the 4th Cavalry reported to the General that two European soldiers had pursued him from the English camp: he had killed one of them near the Lahore Gate, but the guard at the gate had taken away his arms and horse. He also reported that 200 carts with provisions had been sent by Patiala to the English, and were then on the road. To intercept these, two regiments of foot, one battery of artillery, and some cavalry were started off at once. The General asked the King's sanction for the repairing of his tents. Twenty thousand troops were assembled on parade near the Jumma Masjid and Lal Dighi. Khuda Baksh Khan, the Naib Kotwal, came to the parade with an order for the troops to stand at attention. They were then marched through the Cashmere Gate and the Selimgarh and Lahore Gates, and halted. The General and his staff went to the Palace, taking with

them two European sergeants. The General reported that they had accompanied his force from Barcilly, and had made themselves very useful. They had also, it was stated, prevented the Europeans at Bareilly from blowing away natives.

They were ordered to go to Selimgarli, Cashmere, and Lahore Gates, and report on the batteries. Report received that the Collector of Gurjawan had marched with a mixed force from jeypu'r, and had severely punished the villagers of three villages near Bithur, who had joined the mutineers. A spy brought in news that the English force numbered 9,000 Europeans. News came that the Lieutenant Governor ef the North West Provinces had written to Luckmiput Seth of Muttra for twenty lakhs of rupees. He had replied that he had gold to that amount, but not silver. Reports received that the troops at Kalpi and Udeypur had mutinied, murdered their officers, and were marching on Delhi.

July 4.- Mirza Kizr Sultan presented himself at the King's audience, and complained that the princes were going about oppressing the people in the city. General Bakht Khan received the title of Farzand.¹ (¹ Shah Alam first gave this title) The sons of Ahmed Sing, Hassan Ali Khan, and Halmed Ali Khan waited on the King. The Thanadar of Shahwarah sent in a letter saying that twenty sowars were required there to maintain order. Ten men were sent. A letter was written to Moulvie Ahmed Ali, Vakil of the Rajah of Bulubgarh, demanding an explanation of the fact that a cart belonging to Farukh-u-din had been plundered within the Rajah's territory. General Bakht Khan issued a proclamation calling on all the residents to assemble at the Chandni Chowk to hear an order read. The two regiments sent out to intercept the provisions for the English, returned with two carts they had captured. Nine sowars of the Patia'la force were killed. A battery was opened at Alipur. The English made a night attack, with a loss to the Sepoys of eight hundred men. Twenty thousand men assembled in answer to the orders of yesterday, but before the General arrived the crowds dispersed. Four hundred men arrived at Nampur and Naghena to join the King’s forces, and took up their quarters in the Fatehpur Mosque.

July 5.- The King gave audience to Ahsanullah Khan and Ahsan Ali Khan. Imani Begum, wife of Mirza Bulahi, son of Bahadur Shah, late King of Dchli, attended, and represented that the night before Abu Bakr, in a state of intoxication, came to her house with several sowars to seize her, and fired several shots with rifles and pistols, and beat a number of people of the Mohalla. The police arrived, but Abu Bakr attacked the Kotwal with a sword, had him seized and taken away in custody, insulted him, and finally plundered her house. The King was very much displeased, and took away from him all military rank. Orders were issued for his arrest, but in the meantime he escaped. The King ordered all the Princes to keep away from his levees. He issued orders to all the sirdars to note that he had disgraaed the Princes, and they were to be treated as ordinary persons if they were found committing any oppression. It was proclaimed that special constables not acting according to orders would be regarded as offending against the estate. Five companies of Sepoys arrived from Jutapur, and reported that Man Sing had gathered 50,000 men, armed with all sorts of weapons, and had placed them under the orders of General Bakht Khan. Report came that the English had established a battery at Chandrawne. General Bakht Khan sent out a force to intercept provisions : twenty carts fell into their hands. They were brought as far as Zia-u-din Garden, where the English caught up the Sepoys and recovered the carts. Dispatch received from Nasirabad that Colonel Lawrence had reached Abu, and had reassured the inhabitants. One thousand Sepoys were sent to Dhollpur for the safety of the town. They were engaged by the force from Jeypur. The troops of Indore and of the Nawab of Jadra, stationed at Moridpur, deserted without orders. News came that Kishwar Lal, son of the Vakil of the MaharaJah of Hindora, had died of cholera at Bikanir. From Mulitan news came that the English had attempted to disarm the troops; they had refused, and had threatened the Engliish, who had all run away and taken refuge in the fort, and Sepoys had gone off to Lahore.

July 6.- Bahadur Ali Khan, chief of Bahadurgarh, presented a nazzar of eleven rupees, and complained that his ancestral estate had been seized by Bahadur Jang Khan. He asked for justice. Yakub Ali presented a nazzar. The Sepoy officers attended the audience, and reported that a force had been sent out to cover the bridge over the Hindun river, but owing to the want of provisions, and the heavy fall of rain, they had returned. Complaints were made that the General provided his own troops with supplies, but made no arrangements for the rest of the army. The King referred the complainers to the General. The King openly censured Mirza Abdulla and the other Princes for their bad behaviour, and ordered them to disgorge the money they had forcibly taken from the bankers, otherwise their allowances would be stopped. Main-u-din Khan, the former Thanadar of Paharganj, and Hyder Hassan Khan, were summoned, and ordered to give up the property that they had plundered, otherwise they would be severely dealt with. Two petitions from the General were received complaining of the sufferings of the troops owing to the unseasonable weather. Orders issued for the troops to be housed. The General also asked for permission to maintain fifty chuprassies (office messengers). Peitah Sing was ordered to supply the chuprassies. A statement of the strength of the forces in Delhi was ordered to be sent in daily, in order to prepare the pay account. A soldier at Selimgarh had his head taken off by a cannonball. Orders issued to exclude all armed men from the Dewan-I-Khas (Hall of Audience). Youths without turbans were also to be excluded, as being both distasteful and disrespectful to the King. Ahmed Khan, Resaldar of the 4th Cavalry, with several sowars, deserted from the English, bringing with them several thousand rupees; they made their way into the city in the evening. The King sent for the General

Bakht Khan, but owing to pressire of business he could not attend. The King sent a tawiz (a charm worn round the arm) to Ahmed Kuli Khan, with a verbal message to cover it with iron and bind it on his arm, and he would be victorious. Report said that three companies of Europeans and three guns had marched from Agra, and would encamp that evening at the tomb of Safdar Jang Khan, and would march in the morning for Alipur. The King visited the Asud Battery, and inspected the arrangements. Two spies were sent to Jeypur to ascertain if any

force were coming from Bombay. Orders issued for the whole of the troops to parade in the morning. Three spies from the English camp were to day taken in Mahommed Bakht Khan's camp, and were executed there. Two men carrying bottles of brandy in a dirty bag were arrested. An elephant from the English camp was captured and brought into the city. Orders issued to all the police officers to the effect that Mahommed Kuli Khan had been appointed Magistrate over the city with full powers.

July 7.- Amin-u-din Khan, Mirza Zia-u-din Khan, and Mir Hamed Ali KhAn waited on the King. A letter was received from Walidad Khan, Chief of Bulub